Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks and Approaches: RBM, LogFrame, and Theory of Change
Author: Dr. Anna Neya Kazanskaia
Publisher: NEYA Global Publishing
Journal: NEYA Global Journal of Non-Profit Studies (ERDO)
Year: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64357/neya-gjnps-me-frameworks-2025
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About the Article
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks provide the foundation for designing, implementing, and assessing development programs. This article examines three central approaches—Results-Based Management (RBM), the Logical Framework Approach (LogFrame), and Theory of Change (ToC)—that continue to shape international development practice. Each framework contributes distinct strengths: RBM emphasizes accountability and performance, LogFrame offers structured project planning, and ToC enables participatory mapping of causal pathways in complex environments.
Through case studies from Uganda, Nepal, and Kenya, the article illustrates how these approaches have improved health outcomes, agricultural practices, and education access. It argues that no single framework is universally applicable; rather, effectiveness depends on the project’s context, complexity, and goals. By combining structured design with participatory flexibility, M&E frameworks can generate meaningful evidence, foster adaptive learning, and support sustainable development outcomes.
Key Topics
- Foundations and functions of M&E frameworks
- Results-Based Management (RBM): accountability and performance monitoring
- Logical Framework Approach (LogFrame): structure and clarity
- Theory of Change (ToC): assumptions, pathways, and participatory design
- Comparative strengths and limitations
- Case studies from Uganda, Nepal, and Kenya
- Hybrid approaches integrating multiple frameworks
- Future directions in M&E practice
Academic Value
This article provides a comparative analysis of the three most widely used M&E frameworks in development practice. It situates RBM, LogFrame, and ToC within their historical and practical contexts, while critically evaluating their advantages and limitations. By incorporating real-world case evidence, the article bridges theoretical debate and applied practice.
For scholars, it contributes to ongoing discussions on adaptive evaluation models and hybrid frameworks. For practitioners, it offers guidance on selecting and combining approaches to enhance accountability, foster learning, and achieve sustainable outcomes. The study underscores that effective M&E requires both structured design and flexible adaptation to context.
References
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https://doi.org/10.64357/neya-gjnps-me-frameworks-2025
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