Implementing Programs under Restrictive Conditions: Civil Society Strategies of Continuity

Implementing Programs under Restrictive Conditions: Civil Society Strategies of Continuity

Author: Dr. Anna Neya Kazanskaia
Publisher: NEYA Global Publishing
Article | NEYA Global Journal of Non-Profit Studies
Year: 2025
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5669-1676

DOI: https://doi.org/10.64357/neya-gjnps-cvscunprrsenv-04


Open Publication PDF →

This material forms part of the NEYA Global knowledge architecture. Institutional, organizational, professional, training, consulting, curriculum, program design, or implementation use requires an active license from NEYA Global

Explore Architecture →
Module Overview →
Request Institutional Access →

About the Article

Civil society organizations (CSOs) working under restrictive conditions face continuous challenges in sustaining program delivery amid surveillance, censorship, and coercion. This article explores how NGOs maintain functionality without overt confrontation, highlighting strategies such as reframing activities into service delivery, embedding programs within informal community networks, adopting digital countermeasures, and mobilizing diaspora support. Drawing on cases from Russia, China, and Myanmar, it demonstrates how civil society leverages resilience and pragmatism to sustain continuity. While these adaptations enable NGOs to survive, they often entail trade-offs—reduced advocacy capacity, heightened surveillance risks, or accusations of foreign interference. The analysis contributes to scholarship on civil society resilience and authoritarian governance, illustrating that program continuity under repression is sustained not through defiance but through adaptive civic innovation and careful negotiation with power.

Key Topics

  • Program delivery under repression
  • Civil society resilience
  • Digital countermeasures
  • Informal community networks
  • Diaspora engagement
  • Adaptive governance

Suggested Citation

Kazanskaia, A. N. (2025). Implementing Programs under Restrictive Conditions: Civil Society Strategies of Continuity. NEYA Global Journal of Non-Profit Studies. NEYA Global Publishing. https://doi.org/10.64357/neya-gjnps-cvscunprrsenv-04

References

Auyero, J. (2007). Routine politics and violence in Argentina: The gray zone of state power. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814815

Brinkerhoff, J. M. (2009). Digital diasporas: Identity and transnational engagement. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805158

Carothers, T., & Brechenmacher, S. (2014). Closing space: Democracy and human rights support under fire. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Deibert, R. (2019). Reset: Reclaiming the internet for civil society. House of Anansi.

Han, R. (2021). Contesting cyberspace in China: Online expression and authoritarian resilience. China Journal, 86, 1-24.

Kazanskaia, A. N. (2025). Civil Society Under Pressure: Restrictive Environments. NEYA Global Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.64357/civil-society-under-pressure-2025

Kazanskaia, A. N. (2025). Functions, Impact, and Identity of Civil Society. NEYA Global Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.64357/functions-impact-civil-society-2025

Kazanskaia, A. N. (2025). Ethical Decision-Making. NEYA Global Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.64357/ethical-decision-making-2025

Mendelson, S. E. (2015). Dark days for civil society: What's going wrong-and how data can help. Foreign Affairs, 94(1), 163-168.

Morozov, E. (2011). The net delusion: The dark side of internet freedom. PublicAffairs.

Wedeen, L. (1999). Ambiguities of domination: Politics, rhetoric, and symbols in contemporary Syria. University of Chicago Press.

https://neyaglobal.com/journal-nonprofit/implementing-programs-under-restrictive-conditions-civil-society-strategies-of-continuity
326
October 7, 2025